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Pratibha Patil

12th President of India from to

Pratibha Devisingh Patil (born 19 December ), also known as Pratibha Patil Shekhawat,[1][2] is an Indian politician and lawyer who served as the 12th president of India from to She was the first woman to become the president of India.

A member of the Indian National Congress, she also served as the Governor of Rajasthan from to , and was a member of the Lok Sabha from to

Early life

Patil was born in a Marathi family[3][4] on 19 December in the village of Nadgaon in Jalgaon, Maharashtra. She was the daughter of Narayan Rao Patil.[5] She was educated initially at R.

R. Vidyalaya town and subsequently was awarded a master's degree in Political Science and Economics by Mooljee Jetha College, Jalgaon (then under Poona University), and then a Bachelor of Law degree by Government Law College, Bombay, affiliated to the University of Bombay (now University of Mumbai). Patil then began to practice law at the Jalgaon District Court, while also taking interest in social issues such as improving the conditions faced by Indian women.[6]

Patil married Devisingh Ramsingh Shekhawat on 7 July The couple has a daughter, Jyoti Rathore and a son, Raosaheb Shekhawat, who is also a politician.[5][7]

Political career

In , at the age of 27, she was elected to the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly for the Jalgaon constituency.[8] After that she won in the Muktainagar (formerly Edlabad) constituency on four consecutive occasions between and , before becoming a Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha between and In the elections for the 10th Lok Sabha, she was elected as a Member of Parliament representing the Amravati constituency.[6] A period of retirement from politics followed later in the decade.[9]

Patil had held various Cabinet portfolios during her period in the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly and held official positions in both the Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha.

In addition, she had been the president of the Maharashtra Pradesh Congress Committee for a few years. Also, she held office as Director of the National Federation of Urban Co-operative Banks and Credit Societies and as a Member of the Governing Council of the National Co-operative Union of India.[5]

On 8 November she was appointed the 17th Governor of Rajasthan,[10] the first woman to hold that office.[11]

Main article: Indian presidential election

Patil was announced as the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) candidate on 14 June She emerged as a compromise candidate after the left-wing parties of the alliance would not agree to the nomination of former Home MinisterShivraj Patil or Karan Singh.[11] Patil had been loyal to the INC and the Nehru–Gandhi family for decades and this was considered to be a significant factor in her selection by INC leader Sonia Gandhi, although Patil said that she had no intention of being a "rubber-stamp president".[9][12]

In the same month that she was selected as a member of the UPA, Patil was accused of shielding her brother, G.

N. Patil, in the Vishram Patil murder case. Vishram Patil had narrowly defeated G. N. Patil in an election to be the President of the District Congress Committee of Jalgaon and in September of that year had been murdered. Vishram Patil's widow eventually accused G. N. Patil of involvement in the crime and claimed that Pratibha Patil had influenced the criminal investigation and that the issue needed to be examined before presidential immunity became active.[13] Her accusations were rejected by the courts in [14] but in G.

N. Patil was charged. No reference to the alleged involvement of Pratibha Patil was made at this time.[15]

Due to the presidential role being largely a figurehead position, the selection of the candidate is often arranged by consensus among the various political parties and the candidate runs unopposed.[16] Contrary to the normal pattern of events, Patil faced a challenge in the election.

The BBC described the situation as "the latest casualty of the country's increasingly partisan politics and [it] highlights what is widely seen as an acute crisis of leadership". It "degenerated into unseemly mudslinging between the ruling party and the opposition".[17] Her challenger was Bhairon Singh Shekhawat, the incumbent vice-president and a Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) veteran.

Shekhawat stood as an independent candidate and was supported by the National Democratic Alliance (NDA), a group led by the BJP,[18] although the Shiv Sena party, which was a part of NDA, supported her because of her Marathi origin.[19]

Those opposed to Patil becoming president claimed that she lacked charisma, experience, and ability.

They also highlighted her time spent away from high-level politics and queried her belief in the supernatural, such as her claim to have received a message from Dada Lekhraj, a dead guru.[9][17][20] Various specific issues were raised, such as a comment made by her in that those suffering from hereditary diseases should be sterilised.[9] Another alleged that while a Member of Parliament for Amravati she diverted Rs million from her MPLADS fund to a trust run by her husband.

This was in violation of Government rules which barred MPs from providing funds to organisations run by their relatives.[21] The parliamentary affairs minister denied any wrongdoing on Patil's part and noted that the funds are used under MPLADS, by the Comptroller and Auditor General of India.[22]

Patil won the election held on 19 July She garnered nearly two-thirds of the votes[23] and, on 25 July , took oath as India's 12th President, the first woman to hold the position.[24][25]

Patil's term as the President of India saw various controversies and is widely considered as lackluster.[26] She commuted death sentences of 35 petitioners to life, a record.

President's Office, however, defended this by saying that President had granted clemency to the petitioners after due consideration and examining the advice of the Home Ministry.[27][28]

Patil was noted for having spent more money on foreign trips, and having taken a greater number of foreign trips, than any previous president.[29] Sometimes accompanied by as many as 11 members of her family, there had been 12 foreign trips spanning 22 countries by May , when she was away on her 13th trip.

Those completed travels had cost Rs crore (Rs billion). The Ministry of External Affairs said that taking family members "was not abnormal".[30]

The Office of President has a five-year term[17] and Patil retired from the role in July [31]

Patil allegedly used public funds to build a retirement mansion on a , square feet (24,&#;m2) plot of military land in Pune.

Tradition is that a retiring president either takes residence in Government accommodation in Delhi or moves back to their residence in their home state; her use of government money to build a retirement home at the end of the presidential term was unprecedented.[32] Other controversies that arose after her retirement included her desire to claim both an official government car and fuel allowance for the running of a private car, despite rules clearly stipulating that this was an either/or situation.

She also took possession of many gifts that had been given to her in her official role and was later forced to return them.[33]

Business interests

Patil set up Vidya Bharati Shikshan Prasarak Mandal, an educational institute which runs a chain of schools and colleges in Amravati, Jalgaon, Pune and Mumbai.

She also set up Shram Sadhana Trust, which runs hostels for working women in New Delhi, Mumbai and Pune; and an engineering college for rural students in Jalgaon district.[34] She also co-founded a cooperative sugar factory known as Sant Muktabai Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana at Muktainagar.[35]

In addition, Patil founded a cooperative bank, Pratibha Mahila Sahakari Bank, that ceased trading in February when its licence was cancelled by the Reserve Bank of India.

Among other failings, the bank had given illegal loans to her relatives that exceeded the bank's share capital.

Pratibha patil birth date On 8 November , she was appointed as the 24th Governor of Rajasthan, the first woman to hold that position, Patil was announced as a candidate for the United Progressive Alliance UPA on 14 June In office 25 July — 25 July She also set up Shram Sadhana Trust , which runs hostels for working women in New Delhi , Mumbai and Pune ; and an engineering college for rural students in Jalgaon district. Presidents of India List.

It had also given a loan to her sugar mill which was never repaid. The bank waived these loans, and this drove it into liquidation. The government liquidator of the bank, P. D. Nigam, said, "The fact that relatives of the founder chairperson (Pratibha Patil) were among those indiscriminately granted loans and that some illegal loan waivers were done has come up in our audit." Six of the top ten defaulters in the bank were linked to her relatives.

The INC claimed that Patil had not been involved with the bank since but The Indian Express reported that it had official documents showing her involvement as late as [36][37]

Positions held

Pratibha Patil has held various official offices during her career.

Birth date how to write: Business interests [ edit ]. Retrieved 1 June Patil started her professional career as a practicing lawyer at the Jalgaon District Court and simultaneously devoted herself to various social activities, especially, for the upliftment of poor women. Indian National Congress.

These are:[5]

Period Position
–72 Deputy Minister, Public Health, Prohibition, Tourism, Housing & Parliamentary Affairs, Government of Maharashtra
–79 Cabinet Minister, Social Welfare, Government of Maharashtra
–75 Cabinet Minister, Public Health & Social Welfare, Government of Maharashtra
–76 Cabinet Minister, Prohibition, Rehabilitation and Cultural Affairs, Government of Maharashtra
–78 Cabinet Minister, Education, Government of Maharashtra
– Leader of the Opposition, Maharashtra Legislative Assembly
–85 Cabinet Minister, Urban Development and Housing, Government of Maharashtra
–85 Cabinet Minister, Civil Supplies and Social Welfare, Government of Maharashtra
–Deputy Chairman, Rajya Sabha
–88 Chairman, Committee of Privileges, Rajya Sabha; Member, Business Advisory Committee, Rajya Sabha
– Chairman, House Committee, Lok Sabha
8 November – 23 June Governor of Rajasthan
25 July – 25 July President of India

Awards and honours

References

  1. ^Ganjapure, Vaibhav; More, Vaidehi (11 February ).

    "President's kin usurped land, says court". The Economic Times. Retrieved 6 August

  2. ^Phadnis, Aditi (5 February ). "Pratibha pitchforked into presidential race". Business Times.

  3. Birth date how to write
  4. Birthdate or birth date
  5. Is birth date one word

    6. Retrieved 6 August

  6. ^PTI (17 November ). "Bal Thackeray: The mascot of Marathi pride". Business Standard India. Retrieved 28 July
  7. ^Patel, Aakar (28 August ). "When will the Brahmin-Bania hegemony end?".

    Baby birth date Retrieved 4 February Patil was charged. Business Standard India. Archived from the original on 4 August

    Mint. Retrieved 7 September

  8. ^ abcd"Ex Governor of Rajasthan". Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Secretariate. Archived from the original on 4 August Retrieved 26 June
  9. ^ ab"Profile: President of India".

    NIC / President's Secretariat. Archived from the original on 8 February Retrieved 26 June

  10. ^Purohit, Kunal (11 October ). "In Amravati, it's about taking revenge for polls". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 11 January
  11. ^Ritu Singh (). President Pratibha Patil: India's First Woman President.

    Rajpal & Sons. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  12. ^ abcd"Profile: Pratibha Patil". BBC. 21 July Retrieved 26 June
  13. ^"Former Governors of Rajasthan". Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Secretariat. Archived from the original on 17 April Retrieved 26 June
  14. ^ ab"Prez polls: Sonia announces Pratibha Patil's name".

    NDTV. 14 June Retrieved 3 July

  15. ^"I will not be a rubber stamp President". Daily News & Analysis. PTI. 16 June Retrieved 11 January
  16. ^"Congman's wife drags Pratibha name into allegations, NDA distances itself". The Indian Express. 22 June Archived from the original on 30 August Retrieved 10 January
  17. ^"Court dismisses lawsuit against president's brother".

    Thaindian. IANS. 11 December Archived from the original on 5 March Retrieved 10 January

  18. ^"Court summons brother of Pratibha Patil in murder case". The Indian Express. 8 July Retrieved 10 January
  19. ^Pradhan, Bibhudatta (19 July ). "Patil Poised to Become India's First Female President".

    Bloomberg. Retrieved 2 July

  20. ^ abcBiswas, Soutik (13 July ). "India's muckraking presidential poll". BBC. Retrieved 3 July
  21. ^"Indian MPs vote for new president". BBC. 19 July Retrieved 2 July
  22. ^Menon, Meena (26 June ).

    "Shiv Sena backs Pratibha Patil".

  23. Pratibha patil age
  24. 13th president of india
  25. Pratibha patil mother name
  26. Who was the first woman prime minister of india

    27. The Hindu. Archived from the original on 29 June Retrieved 4 February

  27. ^Dhawan, Himanshi (27 June ). "Pratibha believes in spirits?". The Times of India. Retrieved 11 January
  28. ^"Now, a land grab haunts Patil". DNA. 4 July Retrieved 11 January
  29. ^"For family again: Patil's MP funds for sports complex on land leased to husband society".

    Indian Express. 6 July Archived from the original on 12 October Retrieved 11 January

  30. ^"First female president for India". BBC. 21 July Retrieved 3 July
  31. ^Reals, Tucker (21 July ). "India's First Woman President Elected". CBS News. Retrieved 30 July
  32. ^Turner, B.

    (12 January ). The Statesman's Yearbook The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World. Springer. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  33. ^"President Pratibha Patil's brush with controversy". IBN Live.

    Birth date personality He resigned as Governor on 22 June for election to the post of President of India. Last update : Tue 28 Jun Main article: Indian presidential election. She emerged as a compromise candidate after the Left parties of the coalition.

    12 April Archived from the original on 15 April Retrieved 14 April

  34. ^"President defends mercy spree to death row convicts". The Times of India. 26 June Archived from the original on 22 September
  35. ^"President Pratibha Patil goes on mercy overdrive".

    The Times of India. 22 June Archived from the original on 5 June

  36. ^"President Patil's foreign trips cost Rs crore". The Indian Express. 26 March Retrieved 21 September
  37. ^Dhawan, Himanshi (3 May ). "Pratibha Patil took up to 11 relatives on 18 trips in a year".

    Baby birth date calculator Read Edit View history. Patil allegedly used public funds to build a retirement mansion on a , square feet 24, m 2 plot of military land in Pune. Main article: Indian presidential election. Succeeded by Anant Gudhe.

    The Times of India. Archived from the original on 24 July Retrieved 10 January

  38. ^Kshirsagar, Alka (25 June ). "Pratibha Patil gets retirement home in Pune". Business Line. Retrieved 26 June
  39. ^Joseph, Josy (15 April ). "Pratibha's Pune home a break from tradition". The Times of India.

    Retrieved 10 January

  40. ^Satish, D. P. (29 July ). "Former President Pratibha Patil wants both car & fuel from government". IBN Live. Retrieved 11 January
  41. ^"Pratibha Patil's Resume". The Times of India. 19 July Archived from the original on 18 August Retrieved 11 January
  42. ^"Pratibha-founded sugar unit owes bank Rs cr".

    Hindustan Times. 30 September Archived from the original on 30 September

  43. ^Sarin, Ritu (26 June ). "Patil was aware of her bank mess, top defaulters her kin". The Indian Express. Retrieved 10 January
  44. ^"Report on Trend and Progress of Banking in India, – Appendix Table IV Urban Co-operative Banks Under Liquidation"(PDF).

    Reserve Bank of India. p.&#; (5). Retrieved 5 July

  45. ^"Former President Pratibha Patil awarded Mexico's highest civilian honour for foreigners". The Indian Express. 1 June Retrieved 1 June
  46. ^"ACUERDO por el que se otorga la Condecoración de la Orden Mexicana del Águila Azteca, en grado de Banda en Categoría Especial, a la Excelentísima Señora Pratibha Devisingh Patil, expresidenta de la República de la India".

    Diario Oficial de la Federación. Retrieved 1 June

External links