Riina family

Italian crime boss and member of the Sicilian Mafia

Salvatore Riina
Mugshot of Totò Riina after his arrest in
Born	()16 November Corleone, Italy
Died	17 November () (aged&#;87) Parma, Italy
Nationality	Italian
Other&#;names	"Toto u curtu" (Totò the Short) "La belva" (The Beast) "Il capo dei capi" (The Boss of the Bosses)
Occupation	Mafia boss
Criminal status	Deceased (imprisoned from )
Spouse	Antonia Bagarella &#; (m.&#;)&#;
Children	4
Relatives	Leoluca Bagarella (brother-in-law)
Allegiance	Corleonesi
Conviction(s)	Mafia association Multiple murders
Criminal charge	Mafia association Multiple murders
Penalty	26 life sentences

Salvatore Riina (Italian pronunciation:[salvaˈtoːre(toˈtɔr)riˈiːna]; 16 November – 17 November ), called Totò (siciliandiminutive of Salvatore), was an Italian mobster and chief of the Sicilian Mafia, known for a ruthless murder campaign that reached a peak in the early s with the assassinations of Antimafia Commission prosecutors Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino, resulting in widespread public outcry, legal change and a major crackdown by the authorities.

He was also known by the nicknames la belva ("the beast") and il capo dei capi (Sicilian: 'u capu di 'i capi, "the boss of bosses").

Riina succeeded Luciano Leggio as head of the Corleonesi criminal organisation in the mids and achieved dominance through a campaign of violence, which caused police to target his rivals.

Riina had been a fugitive since the late s after he was indicted on a murder charge. He was less vulnerable to law enforcement's reaction to his methods, as the policing removed many of the established chiefs who had traditionally sought influence through bribery. In violation of established Mafia codes, Riina advocated the killing of women and children and killed blameless members of the public solely to distract law enforcement agencies.^[1] Hitman Giovanni Brusca estimated he murdered between and people on behalf of Riina.

Although this scorched-earth policy neutralized any internal threat to Riina's position, he increasingly showed a lack of his earlier guile by bringing his organisation into open confrontation with the state. As part of the Maxi Trial of , Riina was sentenced to life imprisonment in absentia for Mafia association and multiple murders.

After 23 years of living as a fugitive, he was captured in , provoking a series of indiscriminate bombings of art galleries and churches by his organisation. His lack of repentance subjected him to the stringent Article bis prison regime until his death on 17 November

Early life and career

Riina was born on 16 November , and raised in a poverty-stricken countryside house in Corleone, in the then-province of Palermo.

In September , his father Giovanni found an unexploded American bomb and attempted to open it to sell the powder and metal, but in doing so, set it off, killing himself and Riina's seven-year-old brother Francesco, while injuring his other brother Gaetano.^[2] At the age of 19, Riina was sentenced to a year prison sentence for having killed Domenico Di Matteo with a handgun in a fight; he was released in ^[3]

The head of the Mafia family in Corleone was Michele Navarra until 6 August , when he was shot dead by a trio of gunmen with submachine guns on the orders of Luciano Leggio, a ruthless year-old Mafioso, who subsequently became the new boss.

Together with Riina, Calogero Bagarella and Bernardo Provenzano (who were three of the gunmen in Navarra's slaying), Leggio began to increase the power of the Corleonesi.^[4]

In the early s, Leggio, Riina and Provenzano, who had spent the previous few years hunting down and killing dozens of Navarra's surviving supporters, were forced to go into hiding due to arrest warrants.

Riina and Leggio were arrested and tried in for murders carried out earlier that decade. They were acquitted because of intimidation of the jurors and witnesses. Riina went into hiding later that year after he was indicted on a further murder charge and was to remain a fugitive for the next 23 years.^[5]

On 16 May , Leggio was captured and imprisoned for the murder of Navarra.

Although Leggio retained some influence from behind bars, Riina was now the effective head of the Corleonesi.^[6] He also had close relations with the 'Ndrangheta, the Mafia-type association in Calabria. His compare d'anello (a kind of best man and trusted friend, typical of the Southern Italian tradition) at his wedding in was Domenico Tripodo, a powerful 'Ndrangheta boss and prolific cigarette smuggler.^[7]

The Corleonesi's primary rivals were Stefano Bontade, Salvatore Inzerillo and Tano Badalamenti, bosses of various powerful Palermo Mafia families.

Bontade and Inzerillo's assassinations in by Riina's Corleonesi instigated a period of up to a thousand murders known as the Second Mafia War. By the end of the war, the Corleonesi were effectively ruling the Mafia, and over the next few years Riina increased his influence by eliminating the Corleonesi's allies, such as Filippo Marchese, Giuseppe Greco and Rosario Riccobono.

In January , Tommaso Buscetta fled to Brazil to escape the brewing Second Mafia War.^[8]

Mafia leadership

Allegations of political influence

Prior to Riina's faction becoming the dominant force on the island, the Sicilian Mafia were based in Palermo, where they controlled large numbers of votes, enabling mutually beneficial relationships with local political figures such as mayors of Palermo Vito Ciancimino and Salvatore Lima.

Ciancimino, who was born in Corleone, corruptly allowed untrammelled property development on the well-known valley known as the "Golden Bowl" (Conca d'Oro), amassing a vast fortune in the process. Lima granted a valuable monopoly concession on tax collection to Mafia businessman Ignazio Salvo, and was instrumental in Rome-based Giulio Andreotti becoming a force in national politics.

In his turn, Salvo acted as financier to Andreotti.^[9]

These connections caused some to suspect that Riina had forged similar links with Andreotti, although the courts acquitted Andreotti of associations with the Mafia after ^[10]Baldassare Di Maggio alleged that Riina met with the then Prime Minister Andreotti at Salvo's home in and greeted him with a "kiss of honour"^[11][12][13] Andreotti dismissed the charges against him as "lies and slander … the kiss of Riina, mafia summits … scenes out of a comic horror film".^[11] Veteran journalist Indro Montanelli doubted the claim, saying Andreotti "doesn't even kiss his own children".^[14] Di Maggio's credibility had been shaken in the closing weeks of the Andreotti trial, when he admitted killing a man while under state protection.^[15] Appellate court judges rejected Di Maggio's testimony.^[16][17]

Strategy of violence

Whereas his predecessors had kept a low profile, leading some in law enforcement to question the very existence of the Mafia, Riina ordered the murders of judges, policemen and prosecutors in an attempt to terrify the authorities.

A law to create a new offence of Mafia association and confiscate Mafia assets was introduced by Pio La Torre, secretary of the Italian Communist Party in Sicily, but it had been stalled in parliament for two years. La Torre was murdered on 30 April In May , the Italian government sent Carlo Alberto Dalla Chiesa, a general of the Italian Carabinieri, to Sicily with orders to crush the Mafia.

However, not long after arriving, on the evening of 3 September , he was gunned down in a drive-by in the city centre with his wife, Emanuela Setti Carraro, and his police escort, Domenico Russo. In response to public disquiet about the failure to effectively combat the organisation Riina headed, La Torre's law was passed ten days later.^[12] On 11 September , Buscetta's two sons from his first wife, Benedetto and Antonio, disappeared, never to be found again, which prompted his collaboration with Italian authorities.^[19] This was followed by the deaths of his brother Vincenzo, son-in-law Giuseppe Genova, brother-in-law Pietro and four of his nephews, Domenico and Benedetto Buscetta, and Orazio and Antonio D'Amico.^[20][21] Buscetta was arrested in São Paulo, Brazil once again on 23 October , and extradited to Italy on 15 July ^[22][23][24] Buscetta asked to talk to the anti-Mafia judge Giovanni Falcone, and began his life as an informant, referred to as a pentito.^[25]

Christmas Massacre

Buscetta was the first high-profile Sicilian Mafioso to become an informant; he revealed that the Mafia was a single organisation led by a Commission, or Cupola (Dome), thereby establishing that the top tier of Mafia members were complicit in all the organisation's crimes.^[26] Buscetta helped judges Falcone and Paolo Borsellino achieve significant success in the fight against organized crime that led to Mafia members indicted, and convicted in the Maxi Trial.^[27]

In an attempt to divert investigative resources away from Buscetta's key revelations, Riina ordered a terrorist-style atrocity in the form of the 23 December Train bombing; 17 people were killed and wounded in the Apennine Base Tunnel.

It became known as the "Christmas Massacre" (Strage di Natale) and was initially attributed to political extremists. It was only several years later, when police stumbled on explosives of the same type as used in Train while searching the hideout of Giuseppe Calò, that it became apparent that the Mafia had been behind the attack.^[28]

Assassination of Falcone and Borsellino

As part of the Maxi Trial, Riina was given two life sentencesin absentia.^[27] Riina pinned his hopes on the lengthy appeal process that had frequently set convicted mafiosi free, and he suspended the campaign of murders against officials while the cases went to higher courts.

When the convictions were upheld by the Supreme Court of Cassation On 30 January ,^[29][30] the council of top bosses headed by Riina reacted by ordering the assassination of Salvatore Lima (on the grounds that he was an ally of Giulio Andreotti), and Giovanni Falcone.

On 23 May , Falcone, his wife Francesca Morvillo and three police officers died in the Capaci bombing on highway A29 outside Palermo.^[31] Two months later, Borsellino was killed along with five police officers in the entrance to his mother's apartment block by a car bomb in via D'Amelio.^[32] Both attacks were ordered by Riina.^[33]Ignazio Salvo, who had advised Riina against killing Falcone, was himself murdered on 17 September The public was outraged, both at the Mafia and also the politicians who they felt had failed to adequately protect Falcone and Borsellino.

The Italian government arranged for a massive crackdown against the Mafia in response.

Riina was given a life sentence for each of Falcone's and Borsellino's murders, in and respectively.^[34][35]

Claims of negotiations with the government

Giovanni Brusca later claimed that Riina had told him that after the assassination of Falcone, Riina had been in negotiations with the government.

Former interior minister Nicola Mancino said this was not true.^[36] In July , Mancino was ordered to stand trial on charges of withholding evidence about alleged talks between the Italian state and the Mafia.^[37] Some prosecutors have theorized that Borsellino's murder was connected to the alleged negotiations.^[38] In , Carabinieri Colonel Mario Mori met with Vito Ciancimino, who was close to Riina's lieutenant Bernardo Provenzano.

Mori was later investigated on suspicion of posing a danger to the state after it was alleged he had taken a list of Riina's demands that Ciancimino had passed on. Mori maintained his contacts with Ciancimino were aimed at combating the Mafia and catching Riina, and there had been no list. Mori also said Ciancimino had disclosed little beyond implicitly admitting he knew Mafia members, and that key meetings were after Borsellino's death.^[39]

Capture

Riina reprimanded Balduccio Di Maggio, an ambitious mafioso who had left his wife and children for a mistress, telling him he would never be made a full boss.

Knowing Riina would order the death of subordinates whom he considered unreliable, Di Maggio fled Sicily in and collaborated with the Carabinieri police after he was arrested on 8 January in Novara. On 11 January Di Maggio returned to Sicily under the custody of the Carabinieri operative squad because he could recognize Riina despite having been a fugitive since On 12 January, Di Maggio recognized a complex of villas located in via Bernini 54 in Palermo, where they assumed Riina lived.

Minacce di toto riina biography youtube: Even before landing interviews, it can be useful to start practising. Del matrimonio non si seppe nulla, fino all'arresto di Leoluca Bagarella, latitante insieme alla sorella e al cognato Riina in un appartamento al quinto piano, scala B, di un palazzo di Via Largo San Lorenzo, a Palermo. Poco dopo furono attaccati altri membri della Famiglia di Di Pisa. Archived from the original on 9 December

On 14 January, the Carabinieri special operational squad, led by Captain Sergio De Caprio (nicknamed "capitano ultimo"), began the surveillance activity around the complex of villas in via Bernini, aboard a white mimetized van (nicknamed "balena"), the same evening De Caprio showed to Di Maggio the surveillance tape of that day, from which he recognized Riina's wife, Ninetta Bagarella, exiting with her kids on board a blue Volkswagen Golf driven by a bodyguard.

On the morning of 15 January , at am, Di Maggio, recognized Salvatore Riina exiting the housing complex in a grey Citroën Zx, driven by his driver, Salvatore Biondino. After that, De Caprio and his men followed the car, blocked it at a roundabout in viale della Regione Siciliana, and arrested Riina and Biondino.^[5][40][41]

Terror attacks

After Riina's capture, numerous terror attacks were ordered as a warning to its members to not turn state's witness, and in response to the overruling of the Article bis prison regime.^[42] On 14 May , television host Maurizio Costanzo, who had expressed delight at the arrest of Riina, was almost killed by a bomb as he drove down a Rome street; 23 people were injured.

The explosion was part of a series.

Toto riina Archived from the original on 6 March Prepare for online interviews using mock interview tools. Less than a fortnight later, on 27 May, a bomb under the Florence Torre dei Pulci killed five people: Fabrizio Nencini and his wife Angelamaria; their daughters, nine-year-old Nadia and two-month-old Caterina; and Dario Capolicchio, aged For years he denied all links to the Cosa Nostra, known "the octopus" for its tentacled reach into all areas of society.

Less than a fortnight later, on 27 May, a bomb under the FlorenceTorre dei Pulci killed five people: Fabrizio Nencini and his wife Angelamaria; their daughters, nine-year-old Nadia and two-month-old Caterina; and Dario Capolicchio, aged Thirty-three people were injured.^[42] Attacks on art galleries and churches left ten dead and many injured, causing outrage among Italians.

Some investigators believed that most of those who carried out murders for Cosa Nostra answered solely to Leoluca Bagarella, and that consequently Bagarella actually wielded more power than Bernardo Provenzano, who was Riina's formal successor. Provenzano reportedly protested about the terroristic attacks, but Bagarella responded sarcastically, telling Provenzano to wear a sign saying "I don't have anything to do with the massacres".^[43]

Further controversies

Giovanni Brusca—one of Riina's hitmen who personally detonated the bomb that killed Falcone, and later became an informant after his arrest—has offered a controversial version of the capture of Riina: a secret deal between Carabinieri officers, secret agents and Cosa Nostra bosses tired of the dictatorship of the Corleonesi.

According to Brusca, Provenzano sold Riina in exchange for the valuable archive of compromising material that Riina held in his house in Via Bernini 54, in Palermo.^[44][45]

The Carabinieri's ROS (Raggruppamento Operativo Speciale) persuaded the Palermo Public Prosecutor's Office not to immediately search Riina's house, and then abandoned surveillance of the house after six hours leaving it unprotected.

The house was only raided 18 days later but it had been completely emptied. According to the Carabinieri commanders, the house was abandoned because they did not consider it to be important, and they never told the prosecutor to be willing to maintain the surveillance during the following days.^[46]

This version of Riina's arrest has been denied by Carabinieri commander, general Mario Mori&#;[it] (at the time deputy head of the ROS).

Mori confirmed that channels of communication were opened with Cosa Nostra through Vito Ciancimino – a former mayor of Palermo convicted for Mafia association – who was close to the Corleonesi. To sound out the willingness of Mafiosi to talk, Ciancimino contacted Riina's private doctor, Antonino Cinà&#;[it]. When Ciancimino was informed that the goal was to arrest Riina, he seemed unwilling to continue.

At this point, the arrest and cooperation of Balduccio Di Maggio led to the arrest of Riina. In , the Palermo Court acquitted Mario Mori and Captain "Ultimo" (Sergio De Caprio&#;[it]) – the man who arrested Riina – of the charge of consciously aiding and abetting the Mafia.^[47]

According to an FBI memo revealed in , leaders of the Five Families voted in late on whether to issue a contract for the death of then U.S.

Attorney for the Southern District of New YorkRudy Giuliani.^[48] Heads of the Lucchese, Bonanno, and Genovese families rejected the idea, though Colombo and Gambino leaders, Carmine Persico and John Gotti, encouraged assassination.^[49] In , it was revealed by former Sicilian Mafia member and informant, Rosario Naimo, that Riina had ordered a murder contract on Giuliani during the mids.

Riina allegedly was suspicious of Giuliani's efforts to prosecute the American Mafia and was worried that he might have spoken with Italian anti-mafia prosecutors and politicians, including Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino, who were both murdered in in separate car bombings.^[50][51] According to Giuliani, the Sicilian Mafia offered $, for his death during his first year as mayor of New York in ^[52][53]

In November , Massimo Ciancimino&#;[it] – the son of Vito Ciancimino – said that Provenzano betrayed the whereabouts of Riina.

Police sent maps of Palermo to Vito Ciancimino. One of these was delivered to Provenzano, then a Mafia fugitive. Ciancimino said the map was returned by Provenzano, who indicated the precise location of Riina's hiding place.^[54][55]

Prison

Riina was held in a maximum-security prison in Parma with limited contact with the outside world in order to prevent him from running his organization from behind bars.

Over US$,, in assets were confiscated from Riina, and his vast mansion was also acquired by the anti-Mafia mayor of Corleone in The mansion was subsequently converted into a police office and opened in ^[56] In total, Riina was given 26 life sentences,^[57] and served his sentence in solitary confinement.^[58]

In mid-March , he underwent surgery for heart problems and in May of the same year he was admitted to a hospital in Ascoli Piceno due to a heart attack.^[59] Later that September, he was again hospitalized for heart problems.^[59] In , he was transferred to the Opera prison in Milan and, again due to heart problems, was admitted to the San Paolo hospital in Milan.^[60] On 4 March , he was hospitalized again.^[61] On 31 August , newspapers reported that in November of the previous year, Riina was also threatening against Luigi Ciotti.^[62]

In , Riina's lawyers applied to the Bologna Surveillance Court for the deferral of the sentence to house arrest, submitting the precarious state of health of Riina as a reason.

On 19 July, the Tribunal denied this request.^[63]

List of trials

• In , in the Maxi Trial, Riina was sentenced in absentia to life imprisonment together with Bernardo Provenzano and 17 other mob bosses.^[64]
• In , he was sentenced in absentia to life imprisonment together with Francesco Madonia, for the murder of police captain Emanuele Basile.^[65]
• In , he was sentenced to life imprisonment for ordering the murders of the boss Vincenzo Puccio and his brother Pietro.^[66]
• In , he was sentenced to another life sentence for the murder of Pietro Buscetta, brother-in-law of pentito Tommaso Buscetta.^[67]
• In , he was sentenced to another life sentence for the murder of Lieutenant Colonel Giuseppe Russo, together with Bernardo Provenzano, Michele Greco and Leoluca Bagarella.^[68]
• The same year, he was sentenced to life imprisonment for the murders of commissioners Giuseppe Montana and Ninni Cassarà, together with Michele Greco, Bernardo Brusca, Francesco Madonia and Bernardo Provenzano.^[68]
• The same year, he was sentenced to life imprisonment for the murders of Piersanti Mattarella, Pio La Torre, Rosario di Salvo and Michele Reina, together with Michele Greco, Bernardo Brusca, Bernardo Provenzano, Giuseppe Calò, Francesco Madonia and Nenè Geraci.^[68]
• In , in the trial for the murder of General Carlo Alberto Dalla Chiesa, Boris Giuliano, and Paolo Giaccone, Riina was sentenced to life imprisonment together with Bernardo Provenzano, Giuseppe Calò, Bernardo Brusca, Francesco Madonia, Nenè Geraci and Francesco Spadaro.^[69]
• In , he was again sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder of Judge Antonino Scopelliti together with the bosses Giuseppe Calò, Francesco Madonia, Giuseppe Giacomo Gambino, Giuseppe Lucchese, Bernardo Brusca, Salvatore Montalto, Salvatore Buscemi, Nenè Geraci and Pietro Aglieri.^[68]
• In , in the trial for the Capaci bombing in which the judge Giovanni Falcone, his wife Francesca Morvillo and their escort of Antonio Montinaro, Vito Schifani and Rocco Di Cillo, lost their lives, Riina was sentenced to life imprisonment together with the bosses Bernardo Provenzano, Pietro Aglieri, Bernardo Brusca, Giuseppe Calò, Raffaele Ganci, Nenè Geraci, Benedetto Spera, Nitto Santapaola, Salvatore Montalto, Giuseppe Graviano and Matteo Motisi.^[70][34]
• The same year, in the trial for the murder of Judge Cesare Terranova, Riina received another life sentence along with Michele Greco, Bernardo Brusca, Giuseppe Calò, Nenè Geraci, Francesco Madonia and Bernardo Provenzano.^[71]
• In , he was sentenced to life imprisonment together with the boss Mariano Agate for the murder of judge Giangiacomo Ciaccio Montalto.^[72]
• The same year, in the trial for the murder of the politician Salvo Lima, he was sentenced to life imprisonment together with Francesco Madonia, Bernardo Brusca, Giuseppe Calò, Giuseppe Graviano, Pietro Aglieri, Salvatore Montalto, Giuseppe Montalto, Salvatore Buscemi, Nenè Geraci, Raffaele Ganci, Giuseppe Farinella, Benedetto Spera, Antonino Giuffrè, Salvatore Biondino, Michelangelo La Barbera, Simone Scalici, while Salvatore Cancemi and Giovanni Brusca were sentenced to 18 years in prison and the collaborators of Justice Francesco Onorato and Giovan Battista Ferrante (who confessed to the crime) were sentenced to 13 years as material perpetrators of the ambush.^[73][74] In , the Cassation annulled the sentence to life imprisonment for Pietro Aglieri, Giuseppe Farinella, Giuseppe Graviano and Benedetto Spera.^[75][76]
• In , he was sentenced to life imprisonment as principal for the Via D'Amelio massacre, in which the judge Paolo Borsellino and five of his escorts lost their lives (Emanuela Loi, Agostino Catalano, Vincenzo Li Muli, Walter Eddie Cosina and Claudio Traina), together with Pietro Aglieri, Salvatore Biondino, Carlo Greco, Giuseppe Graviano, Gaetano Scotto and Francesco Tagliavia were sentenced to life imprisonment.^[35]
• In , he was sentenced to life imprisonment together with Giuseppe Graviano, Leoluca Bagarella and Bernardo Provenzano for the bombings including Via dei Georgofili, in Florence.^[77]
• In , he was sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder of judge Alberto Giacomelli.^[78]
• The same year, he was sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder of judge Rocco Chinnici together with the bosses Bernardo Provenzano, Raffaele Ganci, Antonino Madonia, Salvatore Buscemi, Nenè Geraci, Giuseppe Calò, Francesco Madonia, Salvatore and Giuseppe Montalto, Stefano Ganci and Vincenzo Galatolo.^[79]
• The same year, he was sentenced to life imprisonment together with Vincenzo Virga for the Pizzolungo massacre, in which Barbara Rizzo and her six-year-old twin sons, Salvatore and Giuseppe Asta, died.^[80]
• In , he received another life sentence together with Bernardo Provenzano for the Viale Lazio massacre and the death of Michele Cavataio.^[81]
• In , he was given another life sentence, together with Giuseppe Madonia, Gaetano Leonardo and Giacomo Sollami, for the murder of Giovanni Mungiovino, a politician who opposed the Corleonesi mafia, killed in , Giuseppe Cammarata, killed in , and Salvatore Saitta, killed in ^[82]
• The same year he was sentenced to life imprisonment together with Bernando Provenzano and Giuseppe Calò over the San Giovanni Gemini massacre during the Second Mafia War, when gunmen acting on Riina's orders killed the Mafia boss Gigino Pizzuto as well as two innocent bystanders, Michele Ciminnisi and Vincenzo Romano.^[83]
• In , he was given another life sentence for the murder of Alfio Trovato in Milan.^[84]

Marriage and family

Salvatore Riina married Antonietta Bagarella&#;[it] (sister of Calogero and Leoluca Bagarella) in , and they had four children—two sons and two daughters.^[85]

His sons, Giovanni and Giuseppe, followed in their father's footsteps and were imprisoned.

In November , a court in Palermo sentenced year-old Giovanni to life in prison for four murders. He had been in police custody since ^[86] According to Antonio Ingroia, one of the prosecutors of the Direzione distrettuale antimafia&#;[it] (DDA) of Palermo, Giovanni is among the possible leading figures in the Sicilian Cosa Nostra after the arrest of Provenzano in and Salvatore Lo Piccolo in , but still too young to be recognized as the leading boss of the organisation.^[87] On 31 December , Riina's youngest son, Giuseppe, one of those taken into custody in June , was sentenced to 14 years for various crimes, including Mafia association, extortion and money laundering.^[88] He was found to have established Mafia-controlled companies to hide money from protection rackets, drug-trafficking and tenders for public building contracts on the island.

In , the council of Corleone created T-shirts reading I love Corleone in an attempt to dissociate the town from its infamous Mafiosi, but a brother-in-law of one of Riina's daughters began an attempt to sue the Corleone mayor by claiming the Riina family owned the to the phrase.^[89]

Death

Riina died on 17 November , one day after his 87th birthday, while in a medically induced coma after two operations in the prison unit of the Maggiore Hospital in Parma.^[90] The specific cause of death was not revealed.

At the time of his death, he was still considered to be the head of the Cosa Nostra according to a magistrate.^[91] Riina was refused a public funeral by the church and Archbishop Michele Pennisi; he was privately buried in his hometown of Corleone.^[91]

In popular culture

• Ultimo, a TV miniseries by Stefano Reali, inspired by the book by Maurizio Torrealta, Ultimo – Il capitano che arrestò Totò Riina In this film, the character of Salvatore Partanna, Mafia boss inspired by Riina, is played by Victor Cavallo;
• Excellent Cadavers, a film by Ricky Tognazzi.

  Riina is played again by Victor Cavallo;

• "Il capo dei capi" directed by Alexis Sweet & Enzo Monteleone . A TV series about Totò Riina:^[92] "Corleone" English version with subtitles,^[93] with trailer.^[94]
• L'ultimo dei Corleonesi, a TV film, directed by Alberto Negrin, where he is played by Marcello Mazzarella
• Il Divo, a film by Paolo Sorrentino where Riina is played by Enzo Rai
• The Mafia Kills Only in Summer (film), a film by Pif where Riina is played by Antonio Alveario
• Boris Giuliano – Un poliziotto a Palermo, a TV miniseries by Ricky Tognazzi where Riina is played by Alfredo Lo Bianco
• The Mafia Kills Only in Summer (TV series), TV series of by Luca Ribuoli where Riina is played by Domenico Centamore
• The Traitor, film of by Marco Bellocchio where Riina is played by Nicola Calì

In , it was reported that Riina and Provenzano had fan clubs set up on their behalf on Facebook, including "Totò Riina, the Real Boss of Bosses" and "Fans of Totò Riina, a Misunderstood Man".

Rita Borsellino, sister of Sicilian Mafia victim Paolo Borsellino, was one of a number of high-profile Italians who condemned the idolization of Mafiosi, comparing the sites to those "that laud Hitler or Nazism".^[95]

References